I Stand Here Ironing Essay

When perusing the short story ? I Stand Here Ironing? composed by Tillie Olsen I examined the story by utilizing both women's activist analysis and the formalist procedure. The creator utilizes an iron as an allegory for how the lady in the story tells the life of her girl and why her little girl is how she is. In a manner the lady spreads everything out on the table and irons it out straight. Many single parents can identify with this story since it tells about the difficulties that some terrible moms? need to confront. In this story Emily was conceived during the downturn. Her mom needed to work since she was a youthful single parent, as read in the story Emily?s father could ? do not suffer anymore?. I accept that the mother thought about Emily she would have rather not leave her with her dads family members. Olsen composed that the character got everything done right she bosom took care of by the clock like they said. Around then ?they? were the male specialists who considered parenthood. As a lady I would think Redmond2 that a lady would recognize what is best for both the mother and her youngster. Before the finish of the story the mother and girl relationship grew somewhat nearer Emily who needed significance found an ability . Emily additionally increased a sense an awareness of other's expectations by dealing with her kin. Olsen utilizes the iron as an illustration various occasions all through the story. In the primary passage the mother says, ?and what you asked me moves to and fro with the iron?. I imagine that the mother is attempting to sift through the great and the terrible for the duration of Emily?s life. She recounts what must be done not what ought to have been finished. The lady understands that her little girl needs importance throughout everyday life. The mother addresses herself on the childhood of her most established little girl Emily contrasted with different youngsters. In the last sentence of the story it peruses ?help make it so that there is cause for her to realize that she is more than this dress on the pressing board, powerless before the iron? What the mother is attempting to state is Emily resembles she is on the grounds that that?s how she brought her up it could be un helped at the time the mother is likewise consoling herself by speculation she could be more awful don?t we as a whole have our deficiencies?

Carbon Fibres and Composite Material Free Sample for Students

Question: Compose a Research Paper on a Composite Materials of your Choice utilized in Medical Application. Answer: Presentation As indicated by Goodman et al. (2011), a composite material alludes to a mix of at least two materials that are of various sythesis, physical property, and morphology. These materials are frequently consolidated for a minuscule scope. Contingent upon the constituent properties, composites are as a rule intended to (or expecting to) delivering materials with materials planned for satisfying explicit mechanical, physical, or compound prerequisites. Accordingly, Hofmann (2016) brings up that the utilization of composite materials have logically expanded for as long as 40 years and have numerous utilizations in the car, flight related, clinical, and maritime fields among different ventures. Thusly, extraordinary composite biomaterials have been tried and read for use in the clinical field and are regularly marketed for their favorable circumstances of the conventional composite materials that were utilized previously. In the clinical field, most human tissues, for example, skin, bones, ligaments, teeth, and tendon are composites comprised of single constituents whose dispersion, morphology, sum, and properties are the significant determinants of the last conduct of the subsequent organ or tissue as indicated by Paknikar and Kumbhar (2015). A similar report signifies that human-caused composite materials to can also be utilized in making prostheses that are utilized to imitate these organic tissues with the point of guaranteeing thy coordinate their mechanical conduct and reestablish the mechanical elements of the body tissues that have been harmed. This paper presents the history, structure and amalgamation, mechanical properties, potential uses, just as advantages and disadvantages of the carbon-fiber-strengthened, look (CFR-PEEK) composite material whose utilization have been examined, tried, and demonstrated fit for clinical purposes. History of the Composite Material Carbon Fiber, a polymer that is otherwise called a graphite fiber, is an exceptionally solid material and light in weight. Despite the fact that stiffer than steel, its light weight makes it appropriate for use as a crude material in the assembling of different materials (Garry, 2013). The composite material was found in 1879 by Edison Thomas. The researcher supported bamboo silvers and cotton strings at high temperature carbonizing them into a fiber of all-carbon. His innovation prompted the utilization of elite carbon strands in 1958 in Cleveland. CF-PEEK was then presented as a grid where long and short PEEK strands were utilized as the composite network to guarantee the finished result had the characteristics of the two filaments. Notwithstanding the way that they were wasteful, the strands contained roughly 20% carbon with low solidness and quality properties. Be that as it may, the carbon filaments quality potential was acknowledged in 1963 through another assembling procedure at British research community (David et al., 2014). In the clinical field, carbon-fiber-strengthened look materials go from enormous scope segments, for example, x-beam application materials to most imperceptible jolts inside used to help the bones in the body as indicated by Paknikar and Kumbhar (2015). CFR-PEEK materials have for quite a while been received for use in the clinical field in various features. They are generally utilized in the orthopedic procedures for the most part for bone artworks, bone establishing, hip joint substitution, and in the obsession of the bone plates in the body. Hofmann (2016) brings up that CFR-PEEK can be created with elasticity or firmness in the ability of the bone they supplant in the body. Thus, the materials are effectively finding their way into the clinical gadgets as inserts to supplant the inside body organs and tissues. Generally, numerous difficulties have been looked by embed architects in accomplishing acknowledgment from various administrative organizations all around. Be that as it may, the employments of carbon-fiber-strengthened looks are on the ascent because of mechanical progressions and advancements. New clinical applications and composite materials are picking up fame and endorsement in numerous pieces of the US food and medication organization (Garry, 2013). CFR-PEEK are utilized in the detailing of bone developments for inserts, for example, impermanent bone backings and bone fastens chiefly embraced the orthopedic fixes. These materials have been embraced for use in the bioresorbable polymers that can securely separate and be consumed by the body in the revamping procedure of the bone. Sturucture and Synthesis of the Composite In the clinical business, the principal blend necessity is a presentation parameter showing the general benefits of various plans of CFR-PEEK with the essential information that the development and miniaturized scale movement of bones can be utilized for various purposes in a clinical view. What follows is a limited component code that decides the strains in the bone utilized as fundamental parameters in assessing the presentation of the carbon fiber. The CF-PEEK composite is fabricated by the utilization of a crossover texture making out of PEEK and carbon fiber as a network that is then altered and treated by low temperature and oxygen plasma. The procedure is then trailed by X-beam photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier change constricted absolute reflection infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) that are basic I relating the usefulness and harshness of the carbon fiber surface with the PEEK interfacial attachment quality. The plasma treatment is pla nned for expanding the harshness of the carbon fiber surface while the drawn out treatment results into the smoothing. Figure 1: The structure of carbon As indicated by Duraccio, Mussano, and Faga (2015), the basic properties of a composite material are dictated by the length, volume, and arrangement of the carbon fiber it contains. Aside from being solid, carbon filaments have high rigidity and firmness however with low weight. It likewise has a high concoction opposition and is regularly open minded to high temperature and over the top warmth yet with a low warm development as signified by Garry (2013). Mechanical Properties As indicated by Cano and Guilemany (2016), the mechanical property of a composite material can be controlled by the mechanical properties of CFR-PEEK. Carbon strands comprise of solid and slight crystalline carbon fibers for the fortifying of different materials. David et al. (2014) mean that the filaments can be more slender than the human hair yet gets its quality when the strands are bent and laid over a covered and formed into plastics or gum. For these mechanical properties, carbon fiber is adjusted for utilize in the clinical field as well as numerous ventures, for example, the military, car, and aviation. There are two primary types of carbon fiber consolidation utilized in composites for clinical applications. Short CFR-PEEKs that comprise of short carbon strands haphazardly adjusted and are for the most part under 0.4 mm, utilized as makers of the homogeneous material property for the embed. Long CFR-PEEK comprises of carbon filaments basically running the whole width of most composite materials. The long CFR-PEEK has a rigidity that is more prominent than 2000 Mpa when contrasted with the 170 Mpa which is of the short carbon fiber (Aspenberg, 2014). Subsequently, their controlled arrangement of these carbon strands thus helps in giving a wide scope of anisotropic properties that can be controlled for explicit capacities relying upon there the composite material that should be made and the utilization. Figure 2: An outline of the mechanical idea of carbon-fiber-strengthened look Favorable circumstances and Disadvantges of Carbon Fibers Ajioka et al. (2016) indicate that carbon-fiber-strengthened look material is built to create a shifting level of solidness and quality dependent on the number and direction of the carbon filaments utilized. It is consequently simpler to enable the maker to coordinate the flexibility of the unresolved issue supplanted with the composite embed material that will be fixed. Then again, Paknikar and Kumbhar (2015) likewise indicates that utilizing carbon strands as composite materials is simpler since, before their developments, producers were confronting difficulties from modulus crisscross of the then utilized metal inserts. For example, the jumble was frequently delivering pressure protecting; modify stacking, and a periprosthetic bone redesigning process that was regularly inconvenient. Economically accessible carbon fiber composite materials have been tried in a few different ways for weakness cycles however have consistently demonstrated to be successful and safe. Nayeri (2014) indicates that the normal quality for a 4.5mm embed plate is 19.1 Newton meters while that of a comparative 4.5mm treated steel pressure plate is 17.8 Newton meters. The twisting quality of accessible 10-mm CFR-PEEK is averagely 80.3 Nm, while a 11-mm titanium tibial plate bowing quality is 43 Nm. This has demonstrated that the testing for wear flotsam and jetsam of the inserts is essentially lower than the wear trash quality of titanium plates produced using the steel as brought up by Goodman et al. (2011). A similar report means that the recuperating and break decrease are accessible for a standard radiograph. The nonappearance of both MRI and processed tomography implies that CFR-PEEK for the composite inserts has applications for contaminations, spine, and for oncologic cases. Despite the fact that there are a few favorable circumstances of utilizing the carbon-fiber-strengthened look composite inserts for clinical reasons, there are additionally some particular burdens. For example, they can't be shaped subsequently making their utilization in crack obsession restricted to straight diaphyseal henceforth requiring a particular locking screw procedure anatomically intended for the particular break Utech and Boccaccini (2016). Simultaneously, solidness can be advantageous to the beneficiary, yet the a lot of adaptability is too risky as it can prompt pseudarthrosis. The expanded weakness quality of the inserts helps in diminishing any conceivable hazard to exhaustion disappointment. In any case, t

Antipsychotics for Borderline Personality Disorder

Antipsychotics for Borderline Personality Disorder September 19, 2019 Tom Merton/OJO Images/Getty Images More in BPD Treatment Diagnosis Living With BPD Related Conditions Your psychiatrist may prescribe antipsychotics for one or more of your borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms.   Why Antipsychotics for Borderline Personality Disorder? The term borderline was coined because early psychiatrists believed that the symptoms of BPD were on the border between neurosis and psychosis. For this reason, some of the first medications tested for BPD were antipsychotics. Although we now know that BPD does not share features with psychosis (and is not a psychotic disorder), research has shown that antipsychotic medications may be effective in reducing some of the symptoms of BPD â€" specifically, anger and hostility, intense mood shifts, and cognitive symptoms, like paranoid thinking. That being said, research shows that antipsychotics are not effective in  improving anxiety, depressed mood, and ?impulsivity in BPD. In addition, while the short-term use of antipsychotics may be effective in BPD, the benefit of frequent and long-term use of antipsychotic is controversial. Types of Antipsychotics There are two main types of antipsychotics: typical and atypical. Typical Antipsychotics. Typical antipsychotics are the older variety of antipsychotic medications, known as first-generation antipsychotics. They are less commonly used due to their potential for serious side effects like movement disorders. Some typical antipsychotics are: Haldol (haloperidol)Navane (thiothixene)Stelazine (trifluoperazine) Atypical Antipsychotics. Atypical antipsychotics are the newer generation of antipsychotic medications, and they produce less of the movement related to side-effects. The six atypical antipsychotics are: Zyprexa (olanzapine)Clozaril (clozapine)Seroquel (quetiapine)Abilify (aripiprazole)Geodon (ziprasidone)Risperdal (risperidone) Side Effects of Antipsychotics Tardive dyskinesia, a side effect that can occur from the long-term use of antipsychotics, involves uncontrollable movements of the face, lips, tongue, limbs, and fingers. Its irreversible, and the risk of developing it is higher with the typical antipsychotics than the atypical antipsychotics. Other potential side effects are called extrapyramidal symptoms, like akathisia, an intense sense of restlessness and agitation. Extrapyramidal symptoms are also more common with the typical than the atypical antipsychotics.  Neuroleptic malignant syndrome  is a rare but very serious condition associated with antipsychotics involving high fever, delirium, and muscle rigidity. While  the atypical antipsychotics are less likely to cause tardive dyskinesia and extrapyramidal symptoms, they are associated with other side effects like weight gain, new onset diabetes, a rise in cholesterol, sexual dysfunction, and heart problems. In addition, some of the individual antipsychotics carry their own unique side effects. For instance, a  rare but potentially fatal side effect of the atypical antipsychotic clozapine is agranulocytosis, a decrease in white blood cells. Regular monitoring of blood counts is required when this agent is used. As shown, there are a number of potential side effects associated with antipsychotics, and they vary by the type (typical vs atypical) of antipsychotic, as well as the individual medication. If your doctor prescribes an antipsychotic, be sure to review the side effects with your doctor and take the medication as directed.   Bottom Line Treating BPD requires an individualized approachâ€"meaning what works for you is likely different from what works for someone else. It will take time for you and your doctor to devise a plan for optimizing your care for your BPD, and this plan may include both medication and psychotherapy. The good news is that there are excellent treatment options available that can help you feel better and get well. A proper discussion and asking the right questions can get you on your way to figuring out the right option for you. Borderline Personality Disorder Discussion Guide Get our printable guide to help you ask the right questions at your next doctors appointment. Download PDF

Why We Should Be Forced to Help the Poor Essay - 520 Words

Imagine living in a community where every minute of everyday you are hungry, under clothed, and at risk at death because you are poor. Now imagine waking up and your biggest problem was which sweater to wear with which jeans. Both are scenarios that occur on a daily basis in our countries, some more extreme than others. With that in mind, this raises the question of whether rich nations have an obligation to help those nations in need. People who earn above a certain income should be forced to donate 10% of their money to the poor because, it will help break the vicious circle of poverty, help the society at large to move forward, and lead to a more equitable distribution of wealth. The poor do not have the money to save; all of the†¦show more content†¦In a democratic society, like the U.S.A many successful people started off poor and only through hard work and determination, they manage to educate themselves to get a decent job and pull themselves out of poverty. Singapor e started as a fishing village with little to offer, and was only through the foresight of its government that basic education and health care, plus subsidized housing were provided free or at very subsidized rates to the poor. Today Singapore is an independent and developed country that enjoys some of the best living standards in the world. It also boasts an international financial center. Such success stories can be found in America, Western Europe, and Japan, where the poor at destitute are given a helping hand to advance themselves in society. There is huge disparity in income in all countries and if government policies do not help to narrow the gap it can easily lead to riots. If the poor has no food, no home and no hope for the future they will have nothing to loose but steal and cost chaos. Politicians in democratic countries need to get the popular vote to get elected and usually the poor form a bigger proportion of the population than the rich. An easy way to win the popul ar vote is to promise to take care of the well fare of the poor. In doing so, they need to tax the rich to get funding. This may not be sufficient and super rich should donate to charitable organizations. America has many philanthropists such as the Bill andShow MoreRelated Against Reinstating the Military Draft Essay1504 Words   |  7 Pagesto the country?s well being? Should we, as citizens, be allowed to evade this ultimate obligation by turning it over to the poorer members of society, those who cant find good-paying jobs or training except in the military? In A War for Us, Fought by Them, William Broyles, a Vietnam war veteran and the father of a young man who is a soldier in the Marines, argues that the military draft should be brought back, and this time it should be done right: everybody should be drafted, not just ?the profoundlyRead MoreHealth Care Is A Choice That A Person Makes897 Words   |  4 Pages I believe health care is a choice that a person makes. In this d ay in time people are forced or punished if they do not have health care. The affordable health care program is to cut health care spending so that people can use the money in other places. I think this health care policy does not help Americans in the way it should and that we should have more freedom of choice when it comes down to being forced to have health care. In 2014 the ACA required most Americans have some sort of healthRead MoreEssay on liberalism958 Words   |  4 Pagesis their motto. Those existing in the lower ranks of poverty are of no concern to the upper class, exploiting other members of society are what they do best. The tory we find at the other end of the scale. In tory society tradition rules; taking the groups well being rather than the individual is primary. Somewhere in the middle we have the liberals (some bleeding hearts, some not so much). Reason, rationality, logic, and thought are the theoretical source of legitimacy of the liberal. They believeRead More America Must Create Jobs Essay1475 Words   |  6 Pagesminimum wage. It is an offending disappointment that our fellow countrymen and women must live the way they do. This raises a crucial question whose outcome affects much of the working population. Should minimum wage be raised? And why? There are several arguments being made by economists as to why the minimum wage must be increased. One reason that really pulls on the heart strings is that raising the minimum wage will assist American families. Many of those on minimum wage are working for whatRead MoreAngelas Ashes: the Setting Effects the Actions of the Characters1472 Words   |  6 Pagesof the McCourt family in many ways. br brLiving in poverty and not being able to meet basic needs leads the characters to result to desperate measures such as stopping Frank McCourts education and taking a job to support the family. Frank is forced to take the job mostly because his father is an alcoholic and uses all the dole money and his wages to buy beer instead of feeding his family. Frank describes this pattern of drinking away the money by saying When Dad comes home with the drink smellRead MoreThe Gap Between The Rich And The Poor900 Words   |  4 Pagesreasons that less developed countries have difficulty developing at the pace of other countries. Many different actions can cause poverty. Most people have different opinions on why poverty still exists. â€Å"Nearly equal portions of the public in advanced, emerging, and developing countries, cite the gap between the rich and the poor as a very big problem. And notably, it is the leading economic concern in the eyes of people in major economies such as China a nd Germany, at 42 and 39 percent, respectivelyRead MoreChild Labour and Ethics Essay628 Words   |  3 PagesUtilitarianism We have all heard that child labour is a bad thing, however, lets try and think Ââ€" is it, really? By introducing child labour companies save millions of dollars which are passed to the consumer as a cheaper price on products they buy from our firm, if there are more profits there are more taxes paid to the Government. By having better profit margins our company is able to pay bigger dividends to shareholders thus giving them a better return on their investment and making themRead More Angela?s Ashes: The Setting Effects The Actions Of The Characters1378 Words   |  6 Pageslifestyle of the McCourt family in many ways. Living in poverty and not being able to meet basic needs leads the characters to result to desperate measures such as stopping Frank McCourt’s education and taking a job to support the family. Frank is forced to take the job mostly because his father is an alcoholic and uses all the dole money and his wages to buy beer instead of feeding his family. Frank describes this pattern of drinking away the money by saying quot; When Dad comes home with the drinkRead More Foeign Affairs Essay755 Words   |  4 Pagesview on this issue is that America should pay equal attention to both domestic and foreign affairs. You cannot just focus on one without the other because they intermingle into the same issue. For instance, America’s businesses have branched out all across the world and if those places of business are not ensured safety then both the economy of that particular country as well as our own is affected. Adding onto that, America is not a self-sufficient country. We have to import oil, food, and muchRead MoreHuman Trafficking : Modern Day Slavery1210 Words   |  5 Pages One of the types of trafficking is Labor Trafficking, which helps keep prices cheaper by having cheap workers. If companies do not have people working in factories for very little then a lot of prices would go up crazy like on clothing and furniture. A lot of countries economy are built off sex trafficking which helps the economy significantly. The ongoing â€Å"phenomenon† of human trafficking is not a problem because it helps many countries economies. Human trafficking is modern day slavery

Innocence versus Sexual Awakening Essays - 1208 Words

Innocence versus Sexual Awakeming The transition from childhood to adulthood is a complex but universal passage. Both Katherine Mansfields The Wind Blows and D.H. Lawrences The Virgin and the Gipsy embody adolescent angst in their characterization. Matilda and Yvette search for meaning beyond the lives they perceive they are condemned to lead. Both bring about greater understanding of the struggle between a young girls struggle of innocence versus sexuality. In similar uses of metaphor and imagery the stories tell the tale of social convention, romanticism and sexual awakening. The Virgin and the Gipsy is written with little surprise or subtlety in it, as is suggested by the title. Lawrence has a theme of human†¦show more content†¦Each of the two girls has a high spirit infused by passion. Neither actually experiences desire persay but awaken to the idea itself. Yvette dreams of falling violently in love (12) and Matilda hints at love through heading for the open gate (Mansfield 58). Both seem to imply the context of a society that pretends desire only occurs on a limited basis within marriage or class structure, for fear the thought was obscene, (115). Anything outside of that realm of possibility should not be expressed. Mansfield implies the passion that Matilda feels for Mr. Bullen with her heart racing and him waiting for her (55). Matilda feels content upon entrance to her piano teachers home. There is warmth that overcomes her through the smells and images that surround her senses. Matilda has a feeling that they know everything about each other (55) which suggests intimacy on her part. From Mr. Bullens point of view, there is only a portrayal of adult concern as in two instances Matilda is reminded that she is still a little lady (55). Yvette lay and wishes she were a gypsy (52). The life of the gipsy is different in every way from her own, she is smitten by him with her childlike eyes(67) but still paralyzed by the fear of social convention for fear the thought was obscene (115). The gypsies were most outside the world she was brought up in therefore subject to her fascination. The dark and handsome gipsy was a fantasy man for Yvette one inShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis : Bram Stoker s Dra cula1285 Words   |  6 Pagestextual evidence, â€Å"When she saw my [Harker] face at the window she threw herself forward, she shouted in a voice filled with menace: Monster, give me my child!†, (Dracula 42) parallels to the duality of ones self, and the way society views ourselves versus how we believe society views us. As Harker battles the self called prison that is the Counts castle, the reality is Harker is losing a fight against his inner desires and the control he was sure he had over them. 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The threat of conflict between desire and fear; sanity and insanity; the realm of the unconscious versus the conscious, are all evident in the boundaryRead More Comparing Themes in Charlotte and Ruth Hall Essay4461 Words   |  18 PagesHalls to the country, she experiences a freedom of life through nature. She walks, picks flowers, and kisses her husband without worrying about the disapproving eye of Mrs. Hall. While Mrs. Hall criticized her behavior, Ruth’s new freedom showed her innocence as opposed to corruption, as La Rue’s rendezvous shows. Ruth leaves her troubles behind when she leaves the city; when LaRue leaves her city, she only causes more trouble with her manipulative devices on Charlotte. La Rue tries to overcome her past

The Amber Spyglass Chapter 7 Mary, Alone Free Essays

Almost at the same time, the tempter whom Father Gomez was setting out to follow was being tempted herself. â€Å"Thank you, no, no, that’s all I need, no more, honestly, thank you,† said Dr. Mary Malone to the old couple in the olive grove as they tried to give her more food than she could carry. We will write a custom essay sample on The Amber Spyglass Chapter 7 Mary, Alone or any similar topic only for you Order Now They lived here isolated and childless, and they had been afraid of the Specters they’d seen among the silver-gray trees; but when Mary Malone came up the road with her rucksack, the Specters had taken fright and drifted away. The old couple had welcomed Mary into their little vine-sheltered farmhouse, had plied her with wine and cheese and bread and olives, and now didn’t want to let her go. â€Å"I must go on,† said Mary again, â€Å"thank you, you’ve been very kind – I can’t carry – oh, all right, another little cheese – thank you – â€Å" They evidently saw her as a talisman against the Specters. She wished she could be. In her week in the world of Citt? ¤gazze, she had seen enough devastation, enough Specter-eaten adults and wild, scavenging children, to have a horror of those ethereal vampires. All she knew was that they did drift away when she approached; but she couldn’t stay with everyone who wanted her to, because she had to move on. She found room for the last little goat’s cheese wrapped in its vine leaf, smiled and bowed again, and took a last drink from the spring that bubbled up among the gray rocks. Then she clapped her hands gently together as the old couple were doing, and turned firmly away and left. She looked more decisive than she felt. The last communication with those entities she called shadow particles, and Lyra called Dust, had been on the screen of her computer, and at their instruction she had destroyed that. Now she was at a loss. They’d told her to go through the opening in the Oxford she had lived in, the Oxford of Will’s world, which she’d done – to find herself dizzy and quaking with wonder in this extraordinary other world. Beyond that, her only task was to find the boy and the girl, and then play the serpent, whatever that meant. So she’d walked and explored and inquired, and found nothing. But now, she thought, as she turned up the little track away from the olive grove, she would have to look for guidance. Once she was far enough away from the little farmstead to be sure she wouldn’t be disturbed, she sat under the pine trees and opened her rucksack. At the bottom, wrapped in a silk scarf, was a book she’d had for twenty years: a commentary on the Chinese method of divination, the I Ching. She had taken it with her for two reasons. One was sentimental: her grandfather had given it to her, and she had used it a lot as a schoolgirl. The other was that when Lyra had first found her way to Mary’s laboratory, she had asked: â€Å"What’s that?† and pointed to the poster on the door that showed the symbols from the I Ching; and shortly afterward, in her spectacular reading of the computer, Lyra had learned (she claimed) that Dust had many other ways of speaking to human beings, and one of them was the method from China that used those symbols. So in her swift packing to leave her own world, Mary Malone had taken with her the Book of Changes, as it was called, and the little yarrow stalks with which she read it. And now the time had come to use them. She spread the silk on the ground and began the process of dividing and counting, dividing and counting and setting aside, which she’d done so often as a passionate, curious teenager, and hardly ever since. She had almost forgotten how to do it, but she soon found the ritual coming back, and with it a sense of that calm and concentrated attention that played such an important part in talking to the Shadows. Eventually she came to the numbers that indicated the hexagram she was being given, the group of six broken or unbroken lines, and then she looked up the meaning. This was the difficult part, because the Book expressed itself in such an enigmatic style. She read: Turning to the summit For provision of nourishment Brings good fortune. Spying about with sharp eyes Like a tiger with insatiable craving. That seemed encouraging. She read on, following the commentary through the mazy paths it led her on, until she came to: Keeping still is the mountain; it is a bypath; it means little stones, doors, and openings. She had to guess. The mention of â€Å"openings† recalled the mysterious window in the air through which she had entered this world; and the first words seemed to say that she should go upward. Both puzzled and encouraged, she packed the book and the yarrow stalks away and set off up the path. Four hours later she was very hot and tired. The sun was low over the horizon. The rough track she was following had petered out, and she was clambering with more and more discomfort among tumbled boulders and smaller stones. To her left the slope fell away toward a landscape of olive and lemon groves, of poorly tended vineyards and abandoned windmills, lying hazy in the evening light. To her right a scree of small rocks and gravel sloped up to a cliff of crumbling limestone. Wearily she hoisted her rucksack again and set her foot on the next flat stone – but before she even transferred her weight, she stopped. The light was catching something curious, and she shaded her eyes against the glare from the scree and tried to find it again. And there it was: like a sheet of glass hanging unsupported in the air, but glass with no attention-catching reflections in it, just a square patch of difference. And then she remembered what the I Ching had said: a bypath†¦ little stones, doors, and openings. It was a window like the one in Sunderland Avenue in Oxford. She could only see it because of the light: with the sun any higher it probably wouldn’t show up at all. She approached the little patch of air with passionate curiosity, because she hadn’t had time to look at the first one: she’d had to get away as quickly as possible. But she examined this one in detail, touching the edge, moving around to see how it became invisible from the other side, noting the absolute difference between this and that, and found her mind almost bursting with excitement that such things could be. The knife bearer who had made it, at about the time of the American Revolution, had been too careless to close it, but at least he’d cut through at a point very similar to the world on this side: next to a rock face. But the rock on the other side was different, not limestone but granite, and as Mary stepped through into the new world she found herself not at the foot of a towering cliff but almost at the top of a low outcrop overlooking a vast plain. It was evening here, too, and she sat down to breathe the air and rest her limbs and taste the wonder without rushing. Wide golden light, and an endless prairie or savanna, like nothing she had ever seen in her own world. To begin with, although most of it was covered in short grass in an infinite variety of buff-brown-green-ocher-yellow-golden shades, and undulating very gently in a way that the long evening light showed up clearly, the prairie seemed to be laced through and through with what looked like rivers of rock with a light gray surface. And secondly, here and there on the plain were stands of the tallest trees Mary had ever seen. Attending a high-energy physics conference once in California, she had taken time out to look at the great redwood trees, and marveled; but whatever these trees were, they would have overtopped the redwoods by half again, at least. Their foliage was dense and dark green, their vast trunks gold-red in the heavy evening light. And finally, herds of creatures, too far off to see distinctly, grazed on the prairie. There was a strangeness about their movement that she couldn’t quite work out. She was desperately tired, and thirsty and hungry besides. Somewhere nearby, though, she heard the welcome trickle of a spring, and only a minute later she found it: just a seepage of clear water from a mossy fissure, and a tiny stream that led away down the slope. She drank long and gratefully, and filled her bottles, and then set about making herself comfortable, for night was falling rapidly. Propped against the rock, wrapped in her sleeping bag, she ate some of the rough bread and the goat’s cheese, and then fell deeply asleep. She awoke with the early sun full in her face. The air was cool, and the dew had settled in tiny beads on her hair and on the sleeping bag. She lay for a few minutes lapped in freshness, feeling as if she were the first human being who had ever lived. She sat up, yawned, stretched, shivered, and washed in the chilly spring before eating a couple of dried figs and taking stock of the place. Behind the little rise she had found herself on, the land sloped gradually down and then up again; the fullest view lay in front, across that immense prairie. The long shadows of the trees lay toward her now, and she could see flocks of birds wheeling in front of them, so small against the towering green canopy that they looked like motes of dust. Loading her rucksack again, she made her way down onto the coarse, rich grass of the prairie, aiming for the nearest stand of trees, four or five miles away. The grass was knee-high, and growing among it were low-lying bushes, no higher than her ankles, of something like juniper; and there were flowers like poppies, like buttercups, like cornflowers, giving a haze of different tints to the landscape; and then she saw a large bee, the size of the top segment of her thumb, visiting a blue flower head and making it bend and sway. But as it backed out of the petals and took to the air again, she saw that it was no insect, for a moment later it made for her hand and perched on her finger, dipping a long needle-like beak against her skin with the utmost delicacy and then taking flight again when it found no nectar. It was a minute hummingbird, its bronze-feathered wings moving too fast for her to see. How every biologist on earth would envy her if they could see what she was seeing! She moved on and found herself getting closer to a herd of those grazing creatures she had seen the previous evening, whose movement had puzzled her without her knowing why. They were about the size of deer or antelopes, and similarly colored, but what made her stop still and rub her eyes was the arrangement of their legs. They grew in a diamond formation: two in the center, one at the front, and one under the tail, so that the animals moved with a curious rocking motion. Mary longed to examine a skeleton and see how the structure worked. For their part, the grazing creatures regarded her with mild, incurious eyes, showing no alarm. She would have loved to go closer and take time to look at them, but it was getting hot, and the shade of the great trees looked inviting; and there was plenty of time, after all. Before long she found herself stepping out of the grass onto one of those rivers of stone she’d seen from the hill: something else to wonder at. It might once have been some kind of lava-flow. The underlying color was dark, almost black, but the surface was paler, as if it had been ground down or worn by crushing. It was as smooth as a stretch of well-laid road in Mary’s own world, and certainly easier to walk on than the grass. She followed the one she was on, which flowed in a wide curve toward the trees. The closer she got, the more astounded she was by the enormous size of the trunks – as wide, she estimated, as the house she lived in, and as tall – as tall as†¦ She couldn’t even make a guess. When she came to the first trunk, she rested her hands on the deeply ridged red-gold bark. The ground was covered ankle-deep in brown leaf skeletons as long as her hand, soft and fragrant to walk on. She was soon surrounded by a cloud of midgelike flying things, as well as a little flock of the tiny hummingbirds, a yellow butterfly with a wingspread as broad as her hand, and too many crawling things for comfort. The air was full of humming and buzzing and scraping. She walked along the floor of the grove feeling much as if she were in a cathedral: there was the same stillness, the same sense of upwardness in the structures, the same awe within herself. It had taken her longer than she thought it would to walk here. It was getting on toward midday, for the shafts of light coming down through the canopy were almost vertical. Drowsily Mary wondered why the grazing creatures didn’t move under the shade of the trees during this hottest part of the day. She soon found out. Feeling too hot to move any farther, she lay down to rest between the roots of one of the giant trees, with her head on her rucksack, and fell into a doze. Her eyes were closed for twenty minutes or so, and she was not quite asleep, when suddenly, from very close by, there came a resounding crash that shook the ground. Then came another. Alarmed, Mary sat up and gathered her wits, and saw a movement that resolved itself into a round object, about three feet across, rolling along the ground, coming to a halt, and falling on its side. And then another fell, farther off; she saw the massive thing descend, and watched it crash into the buttress-like root of the nearest trunk and roll away. The thought of one of those things falling on her was enough to make her take her rucksack and run out of the grove altogether. What were they? Seedpods? Watching carefully upward, she ventured under the canopy again to look at the nearest of the fallen objects. She pulled it upright and rolled it out of the grove, and then laid it on the grass to look at it more closely. It was perfectly circular and as thick as the width of her palm. There was a depression in the center, where it had been attached to the tree. It wasn’t heavy, but it was immensely hard and covered in fibrous hairs, which lay along the circumference so that she could run her hand around it easily one way but not the other. She tried her knife on the surface; it made no impression at all. Her fingers seemed smoother. She smelled them; there was a faint fragrance there, under the smell of dust. She looked at the seedpod again. In the center there was a slight glistening, and as she touched it again, she felt it slide easily under her fingers. It was exuding a kind of oil. Mary laid the thing down and thought about the way this world had evolved. If her guess about these universes was right, and they were the multiple worlds predicted by quantum theory, then some of them would have split off from her own much earlier than others. And clearly in this world evolution had favored enormous trees and large creatures with a diamond-framed skeleton. She was beginning to see how narrow her scientific horizons were. No botany, no geology, no biology of any sort – she was as ignorant as a baby. And then she heard a low thunder-like rumble, which was hard to locate until she saw a cloud of dust moving along one of the roads – toward the stand of trees, and toward her. It was about a mile away, but it wasn’t moving slowly, and all of a sudden she felt afraid. She darted back into the grove. She found a narrow space between two great roots and crammed herself into it, peering over the buttress beside her and out toward the approaching dust cloud. What she saw made her head spin. At first it looked like a motorcycle gang. Then she thought it was a herd of wheeled animals. But that was impossible. No animal could have wheels. She wasn’t seeing it. But she was. There were a dozen or so. They were roughly the same size as the grazing creatures, but leaner and gray-colored, with horned heads and short trunks like elephants’. They had the same diamond-shaped structure as the grazers, but somehow they had evolved, on their front and rear single legs, a wheel. But wheels did not exist in nature, her mind insisted; they couldn’t; you needed an axle with a bearing that was completely separate from the rotating part, it couldn’t happen, it was impossible – Then, as they came to a halt not fifty yards away, and the dust settled, she suddenly made the connection, and she couldn’t help laughing out loud with a little cough of delight. The wheels were seedpods. Perfectly round, immensely hard and light – they couldn’t have been designed better. The creatures hooked a claw through the center of the pods with their front and rear legs, and used their two lateral legs to push against the ground and move along. While she marveled at this, she was also a little anxious, for their horns looked formidably sharp, and even at this distance she could see intelligence and curiosity in their gaze. And they were looking for her. One of them had spotted the seedpod she had taken out of the grove, and he trundled off the road toward it. When he reached it, he lifted it onto an edge with his trunk and rolled it over to his companions. They gathered around the pod and touched it delicately with those powerful, flexible trunks, and she found herself interpreting the soft chirrups and clicks and hoots they were making as expressions of disapproval. Someone had tampered with this: it was wrong. Then she thought: I came here for a purpose, although I don’t understand it yet. Be bold. Take the initiative. So she stood up and very self-consciously called: â€Å"Over here. This is where I am. I looked at your seedpod. I’m sorry. Please don’t harm me.† Instantly their heads snapped around, trunks held out, glittering eyes facing forward. Their ears had all flicked upright. She stepped out of the shelter of the roots and faced them directly. She held out her hands, realizing that such a gesture might mean nothing to creatures with no hands themselves. Still, it was all she could do. Picking up her rucksack, she walked across the grass and stepped onto the road. Close up – not five steps away – she could see much more about their appearance, but her attention was held by something lively and aware in their gaze, by an intelligence. These creatures were as different from the grazing animals nearby as a human was from a cow. Mary pointed to herself and said, â€Å"Mary.† The nearest creature reached forward with its trunk. She moved closer, and it touched her on the breast, where she had pointed, and she heard her voice coming back to her from the creature’s throat: â€Å"Merry.† â€Å"What are you?† she said. â€Å"Watahyu?† the creature responded. All she could do was respond. â€Å"I am a human,† she said. â€Å"Ayama yuman,† said the creature, and then something even odder happened: the creatures laughed. Their eyes wrinkled, their trunks waved, they tossed their heads – and from their throats came the unmistakable sound of merriment. She couldn’t help it: she laughed, too. Then another creature moved forward and touched her hand with its trunk. Mary offered her other hand as well to its soft, bristled, questing touch. â€Å"Ah,† she said, â€Å"you’re smelling the oil from the seedpod†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Seepot,† said the creature. â€Å"If you can make the sounds of my language, we might be able to communicate, one day. God knows how. Mary,† she said, pointing to herself again. Nothing. They watched. She did it again: â€Å"Mary.† The nearest creature touched its own breast with its trunk and spoke. Was it three syllables, or two? The creature spoke again, and this time Mary tried hard to make the same sounds: â€Å"Mulefa,† she said tentatively. Others repeated, â€Å"Mulefa † in her voice, laughing, and even seemed to be teasing the creature who had spoken. â€Å"Mulefa! † they said again, as if it were a fine joke. â€Å"Well, if you can laugh, I don’t suppose you’ll eat me,† Mary said. And from that moment, there was an ease and friendliness between her and them, and she felt nervous no more. And the group itself relaxed: they had things to do, they weren’t roaming at random. Mary saw that one of them had a saddle or pack on its back, and two others lifted the seedpod onto it, making it secure by tying straps around it, with deft and intricate movements of their trunks. When they stood still, they balanced with their lateral legs, and when they moved, they turned both front and back legs to steer. Their movements were full of grace and power. One of them wheeled to the edge of the road and raised its trunk to utter a trumpeting call. The herd of grazers all looked up as one and began to trot toward them. When they arrived, they stood patiently at the verge and let the wheeled creatures move slowly through them, checking, touching, counting. Then Mary saw one reach beneath a grazer and milk it with her trunk; and then the wheeled one rolled over to her and raised her trunk delicately to Mary’s mouth. At first she flinched, but there was an expectation in the creature’s eye, so she came forward again and opened her lips. The creature expressed a little of the sweet, thin milk into her mouth, watched her swallow, and gave her some more, again and again. The gesture was so clever and kindly that Mary impulsively put her arms around the creature’s head and kissed her, smelling the hot, dusty hide and feeling the hard bones underneath and the muscular power of the trunk. Presently the leader trumpeted softly and the grazers moved away. The mulefa were preparing to leave. She felt joy that they had welcomed her, and sadness that they were leaving; but then she felt surprise as well. One of the creatures was lowering itself, kneeling down on the road, and gesturing with its trunk, and the others were beckoning and inviting her†¦ No doubt about it: they were offering to carry her, to take her with them. Another took her rucksack and fastened it to the saddle of a third, and awkwardly Mary climbed on the back of the kneeling one, wondering where to put her legs – in front of the creature’s, or behind? And what could she hold on to? But before she could work it out, the creature had risen, and the group began to move away along the highway, with Mary riding among them. How to cite The Amber Spyglass Chapter 7 Mary, Alone, Essay examples

Efficiency Wages Models of Unemployment †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Efficiency Wages for Models of Unemployment. Answer: Introduction: The economy of Greece has been going through a lot of turbulence and its repercussions have affected many indicators of macroeconomics. Unemployment is one such macroeconomic indicator of the country which has been severely affected. The aim of this paper to answer questions related to the unemployment in Greece. The unemployment of Greece is measured by taking the percentage of the labours who are working out of the total workforce of the country. In the case of Greece, the unemployment has been similar to the figures of European Union as a whole till 2008 (Farber Valletta, 2015). However, due to the financial mismanagement and the crises after the year 2008 the unemployment rate fell sharply compared to the European Union. There are two types of problem in the country in terms of unemployment. First one is the long run unemployment which is also called the natural rate of unemployment. This is not the result of the mismanagement it has committed in the past. Another problem of the economy is the cyclical unemployment which fluctuates around the normal rate as a result of the changes in the business cycle and the national product of the economy. Menzio (2016) stated that negatively sloped GDP of the country also reflects in the employment of the country as well. According to the figure 2, the falling GDP of the country shrank the economy increasing the frictional unemployment in the economy. In the case of Greece, the unemployment rate is not measured correctly as it does not include many types of individual in the overall labour participation of the country. Kaplan Menzio (2016) pointed out that it does not include the individuals who have stopped looking for jobs. Taking advantages of inaccuracy the individuals, despite not being unemployed claims the benefits from government increasing the burden of the government even more. Since the financial crisis in the year 2008, the overall GDP of Greece started to fall at a steady rate. Hence the long term problem of the country in terms of unemployment is increasing normal rate unemployment which has increased to 20.1% in the year 2016. Apart from that, the short run short run cyclical rate of unemployment is also there relating to the fluctuations in the business cycle of the Greek economy. The main reason for the unemployment in case of Greece is the lowered foreign investment in the economy. Job market shrank following the crises survived by the country in the year 2008. Therefore the shortage of demand for labour is the main cause of unemployment in case of this country. The government of the country, in order to increase the labour productivity, introduced the efficiency wage in the year 2009. However, as the theory suggests the unemployment of the country increased more than the increase in the productivity of the labour. Frictional unemployment is the major component of severe unemployment in case of Greece. Since the dip in the GDP of the country, the average time to get a job has increased and hence the frictional unemployment increased. Structural unemployment in Greece arose as the labour requirement for unskilled labour reduced. These unskilled labours were of no match for the existing technical jobs of the economy leading to an increase in the structural unemployment. Currently, the unemployment figure of Greece stands at 20.1% which is very high compared to the other nations of the world. It is in equilibrium only because of the presence of demand for skilled labours. It is recommended to the government to increase government spending against increased inflation as it would stabilise the unemployment rate of the country. Reference Farber, H. S., Valletta, R. G. (2015). Do extended unemployment benefits lengthen unemployment spells? Evidence from recent cycles in the US labor market.Journal of Human Resources,50(4), 873-909. Kaplan, G., Menzio, G. (2016). Shopping externalities and self-fulfilling unemployment fluctuations.Journal of Political Economy,124(3), 771-825. Kroft, K., Lange, F., Notowidigdo, M. J., Katz, L. F. (2016). Long-term unemployment and the Great Recession: the role of composition, duration dependence, and nonparticipation.Journal of Labor Economics,34(S1), S7-S54. Weiss, A. (2014).Efficiency wages: Models of unemployment, layoffs, and wage dispersion. Princeton University Press.